Viral contamination is a common threat to all animal- and human-derived biopharmaceuticals.  A virus is essentially an infectious agent that is capable of infecting a host cell and to copy  itself. Viruses consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) in a protein coat/capsid. Those with an  outer lipid layer are referred to as enveloped viruses; those without one are classified as  nonenveloped or naked viruses. DNA-based herpesviruses and RNA-based retroviruses are  examples of enveloped viruses; DNA-based adenoviruses and RNA-based parvoviruses are  examples of nonenveloped viruses.

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