Cancer screening, early detection and modern cancer treatment are changing what a cancer diagnosis can mean. In this conversation, oncologist Dr. Sewanti Limaye explains what everyone should understand about cancer risk, screening and treatment before a diagnosis forces them to learn it.

From Sanjay Dutt’s stage 4 lung cancer and his response to immunotherapy to the rise of precision oncology, Dr. Limaye breaks down how targeted therapy, immunotherapy and personalised cancer treatment are transforming outcomes for some patients.

The episode also explores why routine blood tests may not be enough for cancer detection, what liquid biopsy and Multi-Cancer Early Detection (MCED) tests can and cannot tell us, and why age-appropriate cancer screening matters.

We also discuss:

• Cancer prevention and early detection
• Lung cancer in smokers and non-smokers
• Cancer risk linked to smoking, alcohol, obesity, diet, exercise and air pollution
• Mammograms, colonoscopy, PSA and other cancer screening methods
• Liquid biopsy and emerging cancer blood tests
• Immunotherapy, targeted therapy and precision oncology
• Why second opinions and multidisciplinary tumor boards matter in cancer treatment
• What stage 4 cancer and palliative care actually mean

If you or someone in your family wants to better understand cancer screening, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, this conversation offers a practical starting point for asking better questions and making more informed decisions.