Discussion and conclusions from the symposium, with, Ming Lee, Principal Investigator, Sun Yat-sen University, Wildlife trade issues in China and Southeast Asia, Bob Smith,Director, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), Naomi Doak, Head of Conservation Programmes, The Royal Foundation, E.J. Milner-Gulland, Tasso Leventis Professor of Biodiversity, Oxford University, and Rosaleen Duffy, Professor, University of Sheffield