Geologist John Whalley explains how in structural chronology downwards facing folds will cause the rock structure to start younging.

Geological structures exposed - for iPad/Mac/PC

Deformation history

Understanding mountain building involves unraveling how and why rocks deform. Geologists Nigel Harris and John Whalley tour the Scottish segment of the Caledonian orogenic Belt to untangle the kinematics and the chronology of deformation. This material forms part of The Open University course S339, Understanding the continents.

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Geological structures exposed - for iPad/Mac/PC