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Cancer has become the second greatest global health threat making cancer therapy a difficult task.
Treatments for cancers include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, stem cell
therapy, laser treatment, hyperthermia, and photodynamic therapy among others. Chemotherapy is
the most common therapeutic intervention for cancer among these options. Cytotoxic agents-based
chemotherapy making use of analogues of DNA bases (5-fluorouracil and 8-azaguanine), DNA
interacting agents (cisplatin and actinomycin D), antimetabolites (aminopterin and methotrexate), and
tubulin inhibitors (paclitaxel and vincristine derivatives), etc. has been the main approach for the
treatment of a wide range of cancers for decades. Chemotherapy has a significant clinical benefit for
many tumours, but it has low selectivity and high toxic effects, resulting in devastating effects and
decreased therapeutic efficacy. To address this issue, scientists have been working on the development
of novel cancer therapeutics with higher targeting ability. The emergence of mAbs has changed the
paradigm of cancer therapy through precise targeting tumour surface antigens, however, treatment
using mAbs alone is often insufficient, potentially due to less satisfactory lethality against cancer cells
compared to chemotherapy. Hence, a novel concept, known as antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), was
conceived combining properties of mAb and cytotoxic drug for the improvement of therapeutic
window.
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