Science
This comprehensive review article examines myeloid cells within the central nervous system (CNS), which include microglia and CNS-associated macrophages. It first outlines the distinct anatomical compartments of the CNS, such as the dura mater, leptomeninges, perivascular space, and parenchyma, and how each hosts specialized immune cell populations that contribute to a "layered CNS immunity." The article then explores various therapeutic strategies for targeting these myeloid cell subsets, differentiating between cellular approaches like stem cell therapy and non-cellular methods such as antibodies and viral gene delivery. It discusses the clinical applications of these targeting regimens in treating neurological disorders like monogenetic diseases and Alzheimer's disease, emphasizing the challenges of translating these strategies from animal models to human patients. Finally, the authors address critical knowledge gaps and future directions needed to develop more precise, niche-specific, and less invasive interventions for CNS disorders. References: * Frosch M, Prinz M. Niche-specific therapeutic targeting of myeloid cells in the central nervous system[J]. Immunity, 2025, 58(5): 1101-1119.